Dependence of Creation on the Creator

WE AFFIRM that God, the first cause, of himself sovereignly and freely decrees all things that come to pass immutably and infallibly. There is nothing in creation nor its history that comes about by chance, or without his providence. God, in his ordinary providence uses secondary means, though he is free to work without, above, and against them at his own pleasure. This we call miracles.

WE DENY that the sovereign Creator is in any way contingent or dependent upon his creation but works his immutable plan in and through them. This extends all of the course of history and the free choices of man.

Acts 2:23; Proverbs 16:33; Genesis 8:22; Romans 8:28 Acts 27:31, 44; Isaiah 55:10, 11; Hosea 1:7; Romans 4:19-21; Daniel 3:27